Popular e4 Openings: first three moves

The Italian Game

This opening turns into the Giuoco Piano
if Black plays Bc5 at move 3.
If Black plays Nf6, it’s called the
Two Knights Defence.

The Spanish Game

This opening is usually called the Ruy Lopez,
after a Spanish priest who was the best chess
player nearly 500 years ago.

The Four Knights Game

The Scotch Game